Plant Biotechnology & Agriculture

Bioenergy

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Bioenergy  refers to products of biomass that have been converted into liquid, solid or gas form, depending on the raw materials and the technology employed, for energy generation. Biomass encompasses a wide spectrum of plant materials ranging from  forestry  agricultural,and municipal wastes to crops grown specifically to make bio fuels, such as bio ethanol and bio diesel. Solid bio fuels consist of  plant matter such as wood chips, and other solid or woody biomass, that can be directly used as fuel, mainly in traditional cook stoves. Two of the most widely used forms are chips of wood (wood chips) and bagasse. Bagasse has been used for decades for electricity generation at sugar mills.A considerable debate exists over the magnitude of direct and indirect GHG emissions from bio fuels; however, the intensive cultivation of energy crops is expected to produce adverse environmental effects on soil and groundwater, and to result in deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Local, national and regional agricultural regulatory frameworks will have to take into account trade-offs between the need for promoting higher yields and the need for environmental and biodiversity conservation.