13^th International Conference on Agriculture & Horticulture September 10-12, 2018 Zurich, Switzerland

Doriana (Bode) Xhulaj is a researcher at Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, part of Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania. She has a doctorate degree in Plant Biology Conservation from the Faculty of Natural Science of Tirana, and is author of several papers in this field. Currently is involved in different project on plant breeding program.

The experiment was carried in the laboratory of plant tissue cultures, of the Institute on Plant Genetic Resources, Agriculture University of Tirana during 2016. An efficient method was developed for multiple shoot regeneration of wheat from mature embryos without callus formation, for a short period of time (2.5 months). Direct shoot regeneration is important since fewer somaclonal variations are likely to arise in indirect regeneration method. The effect of explants, cutted shoot embryonic meristem and shoot embryonic meristem with scutellum and various combinations of plant growth regulators in MS media on direct shoot regeneration of wheat was investigated. Among different combination of 2,4-D, IBA, NAA and BAP tested, embryo explants cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP, 0.6 mg/L 2,4- D resulted in the most efficient direct shoot regeneration and produces a max of 2.5 shoot per explants and 3.4 cm shoot length. Plantlets were successfully transferred to rooting medium. The greatest mean numbers of roots were obtained on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and the best mean value of root length (8.2cm) at 0.5 mg/L IBA. In this paper by simple manipulating the concentrations of BAP, 2,4-D, IBA and NAA in the culture medium, is described a method rapidly obtaining whole plants without the subculture of wheat using embryo explants.

Jeom Hwa Han is conducting research on the fruit physiology and ecology to cope with climate change at the Rural Development Administration of Korea. She developed a model for prediction of full bloom date of ‘Niitaka’ pear based on air temperature (2008) and predict full bloom date using this model every year in Korea. Recently, she has a great interest in developing models for estimation of dormancy breaking and yields of deciduous fruit trees.

The grape veraison is a period of rapid change of internal biomaterial, which is closely related to fruit quality change. Therfore, management of grape tree before and after the veraison period is very import for improving the fruit quality, so it is necessary to predict the veraison. We investigated the veraison of ‘Kyoho’ grape cultivated at a temperature gradient of 2.5~6.0℃ higher than the atmospheric condition and developed an prediction model of veraison according to temperature after full bloom. The veraison of ‘Kyoho’ grape was accelerated with higher temperature during the whole growing period, and it was accelerated about 5.1 days when temperature rose by 1℃ . However, after the bloom, the veraison accelerated by about 2.2 days per 1℃ increase. As a result of integrating the temperature from full bloom to veraison in various temperature factors, the coefficient of variation of the daily maximum temperature was the lowest and the mean of integrated daily maximum temperature was 1,681.3℃. Root mean square error(RMSE) of the veraison predicted by applying the integrated daily maximum temperature of 1,681.3℃ was 1.3. I think that it is possible to predict the veraison of ‘Kyoho’ grape by using the predicted air temperature after full bloom.

Carlos Barrio is a technician in research and development. He received his B.S. and M.S. in Technic Forestry Engineer at the University of Santiago. He has developed numerous projects, many related to agro-industry and meat companies, and acquired extensive experience in the field of food technology.

Statement of the Problem: Galicia (Northwest of Spain) has an important potato production. Recent years, the market is focused in high starch varieties, which gel forming properties made it perfect for food industry as well as to pharmaceutical, wood and textile. Environmental growing conditions have an important role in starch potato properties, so, there are necessary studies about the efficiency of these cultivars depending of geographical area. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: For the present study, seven potato varieties (Allstar, Ardeche, Energie, Kuras, Nofy, Nomade y Signum) were used. All of them were grown in the same location (Ourense, Spain) and were harvested in September 2017 to avoid the climatological and seasonal differences among cultivars. Each variety were planted 30 m2 with ties of planting and essays were performed in triplicate. Samples were only taken from two lines in the middle of the essay area (1.5mx10m=12 clusters on the plot). The implementation and development of the plant were monitored through a visual evaluation on three different dates, using 5-point scale where 1=poor; and 5=optimal. Gross production (kg/Ha) was estimated with essays data. A PW-2050 Weighing System (Weltech International Limited, UK) was used to determine the dry matter in 3 kg of potato. Statistical differences were evaluated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s test (α>0.05). Findings: It is appreciated from Figure 1(a) that best production results corresponded to Nomade and Kuras varieties (over 60,000 kg/Ha). All the varieties studied were well adapted to the geographical and growth conditions, showing values above 2.5 in the visual analysis. Genotype and environment conditions affect to the total starch content of potato. Dry matter between 20% is usually in fresh potatoes. However, all analyzed varieties showed values over 22.9%, due to high content of starch.

She is agronomist engineer and currently works in the Project Office of the Meat Technology Center since 2009, developing R&D&i, transfer and dissemination management tasks. She has knowledge in business management with more than ten years in the private sector. Outstanding experience in cross-border cooperation projects and business collaboration through technological funds. She has participated in more than 40 R&D&i projects along with others for tax deduction, has published a book of dissemination and various communications to congresses. She is currently doing her PhD in Food Science and Technology at the University of Vigo.

Statement of the Problem The carbon footprint (CF) of beef cattle is used in developing countries in order to evaluate of reduction the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originated for the livestock production. The type of farming system, the location and the type of management practices are fundamental contributions to compare the life cycle of the meat productions. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of CF calculation of five contrasting production scenarios in Galicia, in the north of Spain: extensive (ES), semi- extensive (SME) and intensive system (IS), moreover two with adult bovine: adult female intensive (AFI) and adult male extensive (AME). The CF should be seen as an opportunity for Galician meat sector and\r\nthe origin for improving the competitive of our beef farm.\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\nMethodology: The evaluation of the GHG emissions was estimated throw “cradle to gate farm” by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and the calculation of CO2e per 1 kg of live weight (LW) meat of farm located in the north of Galicia. The categories of feeding were: 1) not- stabled animals feed with natural grass (ES); 2) semi-stabled ones with natural grass supplemented conventional feed (SME), 3) stabled calves with regular feed (IS), 4) stabled cows from dairy farms (AFI) and 5) not-stabled adult steers (AME). Findings: The complexity has been in obtaining the primary data being small farms. The obtained data is part of the CF study most completed that has been made in the Galician meat sector to date. Conclusion: The results of CF calculation of the different management show that ES (20.98 kg CO2eq/kg LW) produces more GHG emissions than SME one (17.78 kg CO2eq/kg LW) and much more than IS (3.009 kg CO2eq/kg LW). Regarding to adult bovine production, the emissions were highest in AME (20.66 kg CO2eq/Kg LW), followed by AFI (2.187 kg CO2eq/Kg LW). The enteric fermentation is the more ponderous contribution, with values ranged between 77%(ES)-46%(SME)-20% (IS) of the global result and it followed by the raw material consumption with a range of 19%(ES)-\r\n45%(SME)-25% (IS). The Galician case presents similar results that were recently proposed in literature. This study contributed to identify the points of Improvement of the cattle production chain and indicate mitigation priorities in Galicia.\r\n